National Transport Models: Recent Developments and Prospects (Advances in Spatial Science)

National Transport Models: Recent Developments and Prospects (Advances in Spatial Science) Review

National and European transport models become increasingly important. The broadening of national transport policy from strategic infrastructure investments to infrastructure management strengthens the need for advanced and more policy sensitive tools of analysis. The increase of interregional and international mobility requires forecasting tools that go beyond the urban or regional level. The competition for national infrastructure investments among regions and for Trans-European investments among nations has to be resolved by decisions and decision support systems at the appropriate spatial level. Environmental impacts transcend regional and national boundaries and transport policies affecting these environmental impacts involve all spatial levels. This volume presents the state of the art and prospects of a sample of the most advanced national and European transport models within a comparative framework.

Africa's Transport Infrastructure: Mainstreaming Maintenance and Management (Directions in Development)

Africa's Transport Infrastructure: Mainstreaming Maintenance and Management (Directions in Development) Review

Africa's Transport Infrastructure: Mainstreaming Maintenance and Management (Directions in Development) Feature

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Transport infrastructure is a key requirement for economic growth. But in Saharan Africa today, road networks are sparse, conditions are poor, and accident rates are high. Railroads are in decline. Airport runways are poorly maintained, and air traffic control and safety records are poor. Port performance falls well below international standards, and costs are high. Urban transit is generally chaotic and inadequate. The multidonor Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic (AICD) is a new database on the nature, extent, and condition of transport infrastructure in the region. Africa s Transport Infrastructure: Mainstreaming Maintenance and Management presents, analyzes, and critically discusses the content of AICD, in the context of the institutional and policy environments, to identify the major causes of poor infrastructure performance. The analysis reveals that networks are generally less dense, both per square kilometer and per capita, than in other regions. However, because incomes are low, the financial burden is greater than elsewhere. As a consequence, maintenance has been neglected and the condition of the infrastructure has deteriorated, increasing the costs of operations. This situation is accentuated by failures in the management and regulation of operators. The book presents financing trends and compares them with estimated expenditure needs. It shows that backlogs in routine and periodic maintenance have built up needs for rehabilitation that cannot be satisfied from domestic sources alone. It shows, both functionally and geographically, where major shortfalls are likely to occur and where priorities are highest, stressing the need to mobilize a wide range of sources for investment finance. The book concludes, however, that investment is only part of what is needed to improve the transport system. Unless that investment is accompanied by increased attention to maintenance finance and by substantial improvements in system management, the cost of transport in the region will continue to be a serious impediment to economic growth. This book will be of interest to governments in the region and to multilateral and bilateral aid and lending agencies, as well as to graduate students, faculty, and researchers in African studies and transport studies.

Environmental Transport Processes

Environmental Transport Processes Review

A unique approach to the challenges of complex environmental systems

Environmental Transport Processes, Second Edition provides much-needed guidance on mass transfer principles in environmental engineering. It focuses on working with uncontrolled conditions involving biological and physical systems, offering examples from diverse fields, including mass transport, kinetics, wastewater treatment, and unit processes.

This new edition is fully revised and updated, incorporating modern approaches and practice problems at the end of chapters, making the Second Edition more concise, accessible, and easy to use.

The book discusses the fundamentals of transport processes occurring in natural environments, with special emphasis on working at the biological–physical interface. It considers transport and kinetics in terms of systems that involve microorganisms, along with in-depth coverage of particles, size spectra, and calculations for particles that can be considered either spheres or fractals. The book's treatment of particles as fractals is especially unique and the Second Edition includes a new section on exoelectrogenic biofilms. It also addresses dispersion in natural and engineered systems unlike any other book on the subject.

Readers will learn to tackle with confidence complex environmental systems and make transport calculations in heterogeneous environments with mixtures of chemicals.

Paediatric and Neonatal Critical Care Transport

Paediatric and Neonatal Critical Care Transport Review

Sick babies and children are moved between hospitals for many reasons, often to receive specialist care and treatment not available locally. For the transfer to be safe and effective it is necessary to plan carefully for these occasions, and for the doctors and nurses attending the transport to be able to provide intensive care on the move.

The book provides guidance in both of these major areas. The first section - 'Planning for Safe and Effective Transport' - details issues to be considered by senior staff in setting-up or modernising a transport programme. General principles and relevant physiology are outlined, and vehicles and equipment are discussed in depth. The second section - 'Practical Transport Management' - is concerned with different patient groups and key clinical issues. These include the distinctive features of neonatal and paediatric patients, and management of airway, breathing and circulation. Other chapters discuss airborne transport, pharmacology, trauma, and special interventions for transport such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and inhaled nitric oxide.

Freight Forwarder's Intermediary Role in Multimodal Transport Chains: A Social Network Approach (Contributions to Management Science)

Freight Forwarder's Intermediary Role in Multimodal Transport Chains: A Social Network Approach (Contributions to Management Science) Review

In this book, the business of international freight forwarding is examined from both a theoretical and empirical point of view with a special emphasis on multimodal transport chains, including sea or air transport operations. In such contexts, the freight forwarder is always considered "The Architect of Transport", but this intermediary role seems to be largely neglected in research to date. Therefore, relevant concepts from economic theory and economic sociology are employed to produce both an intermediary and a network perspective of freight forwarding in order to provide a better understanding of this kind of transportation business. Furthermore, its intermediary role in such inherent network structures is explored by mapping relationship patterns in a stylized model framework applied to a questionnaire-based sample collected among freight forwarders engaged in such multimodal transport chains in Germany (especially from Hamburg, Bremen and Bremerhaven) as well as in Austria in 2003.

Chaotic Transport in Dynamical Systems (Interdisciplinary Applied Mathematics)

Chaotic Transport in Dynamical Systems (Interdisciplinary Applied Mathematics) Review

Provides a new and more realistic framework for describing the dynamics of non-linear systems. A number of issues arising in applied dynamical systems from the viewpoint of problems of phase space transport are raised in this monograph. Illustrating phase space transport problems arising in a variety of applications that can be modeled as time-periodic perturbations of planar Hamiltonian systems, the book begins with the study of transport in the associated two-dimensional Poincaré Map. This serves as a starting point for the further motivation of the transport issues through the development of ideas in a non-perturbative framework with generalizations to higher dimensions as well as more general time dependence. A timely and important contribution to those concerned with the applications of mathematics.

Air Transport Provision in Remoter Regions

Air Transport Provision in Remoter Regions Review

This book stems from a series of biennial conferences devoted to issues affecting air-transport provision in remoter regions that have been organized by the Centre for Air Transport in Remoter Regions at Cranfield University. The primary aim of the conferences has been to provide an opportunity for those responsible for operating, managing, regulating and financing air transport services and associated infrastructure in these areas to be informed of the latest best-practice initiatives, to contrast different policy approaches and to debate potential solutions to perennial problems. Remoter regions has been a neglected area of air transport, as much of the focus of public and media attention is on the larger airlines, airports and aircraft. While the number of large airports in the world is in the hundreds, there are many thousands of smaller airports providing communities all over the globe with vital air links. More often than not these services and the airports to which they are operated are loss making and require subsidies to sustain them. There are therefore many more interested parties involved in both providing and deciding issues relating to the provision of air transport in these situations, most especially central, regional and local governments who are charged with financing these activities. The book contains 17 chapters from experts in remote-region air transport, within the following 5 sections: key economic and socio-economic issues; subvention mechanisms; route development initiatives; infrastructure provision; and, issues affecting the provision of air services in remoter regions.

Transport cost analysis: a case study of the total costs of private and public transport in Auckland [An article from: Environmental Science and Policy]

Transport cost analysis: a case study of the total costs of private and public transport in Auckland [An article from: Environmental Science and Policy] Review

This digital document is a journal article from Environmental Science and Policy, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
The current level of motorised transportation worldwide is increasingly a social, environmental and economic problem. Transport benefits come alongside injuries and death, unproductive travel time, energy dependence, and environmental damage. One reason for the increasing problem results from externalising various impacts on society. Many of these external - or 'unpaid' - costs have only gradually been recognised and most have either been under-valued or are considered impossible to estimate since they have no value in a market. This research assesses the external (unpaid) and internal (user paid) cost of transport. It focuses on estimating the total cost of both private and public transport, using a case study for Auckland, New Zealand's largest city. The external costs are significant -2.23% of the GDP produced by the 1.2million Auckland region residents in 2001. Of this private transport generated 28 times more external cost than public transport. The internal cost assessment showed that total revenues collected did not even cover 50% of total transport cost. The research has shown that not only are the external costs of vehicle transport high, but that contrary to popular belief the total costs of private transport are subsidised by public transport users. This has implications for successful transport policy options.

Transport of Molecules across Microbial Membranes (Society for General Microbiology Symposia)

Transport of Molecules across Microbial Membranes (Society for General Microbiology Symposia) Review

This volume details the transport of molecules, large and small, across the membranes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial cells. An international group of contributors unify a diverse range of phenomena with the discussion of the signal peptides that target proteins to particular destinations, and the role of chaperonins. Topics covered include secretion of proteins out of the bacterial cell by Type I, II, and III mechanisms, including the newly recognized bacterial signal recognition pathway in Type II; passage across internal membranes of eukaryotic proteins, whether destined for secretion or en route to internal organelles such as chloroplasts and peroxisomes; how bacteria obtain energy required for solute uptake; the role of phosphorylation and evolutionary relationships of the proteins involved; and efflux pumps for toxic substances in bacterial, animal, and plant cells.

Ionic Transport Processes: In Electrochemistry and Membrane Science

Ionic Transport Processes: In Electrochemistry and Membrane Science Review

Modelling of heterogeneous processes, such as electrochemical reactions, extraction or ion-exchange, usually requires solving the transport problem associated to the process. Since the processes at the phase boundary are described by scalar quantities and transport quantities are vectors or tensors, coupling of them can take place only via conservation of mass, charge or momentum. In this book, transport of ionic species is addressed in a versatile manner, emphasizing the mutual coupling of fluxes in particular. Treatment is based on the formalism of irreversible thermodynamics, i.e. on linear (ionic) phenomenological equations, from which the most frequently used Nernst-Planck equation is derived. Limitations and assumptions made are thoroughly discussed.

The Nernst-Planck equation is applied to selected problems at the electrodes and in membranes. Mathematical derivations are presented in detail so that the reader can learn the methodology of solving transport problems. Each chapter contains a large number of exercises, some of them more demanding than others.

Fundamentals of Carrier Transport

Fundamentals of Carrier Transport Review

Fundamentals of Carrier Transport explores the behavior of charged carriers in semiconductors and semiconductor devices for readers without an extensive background in quantum mechanics and solid-state physics. This second edition contains many new and updated sections, including a completely new chapter on transport in ultrasmall devices and coverage of "full band" transport. Lundstrom also covers both low- and high-field transport, scattering, transport in devices, and transport in mesoscopic systems. He explains in detail the use of Monte Carlo simulation methods and provides many homework exercises along with a variety of worked examples. What makes this book unique is its broad theoretical treatment of transport for advanced students and researchers engaged in experimental semiconductor device research and development.

Case study: transport carrier replacement analysis.(Company overview): An article from: Engineering Economist

Case study: transport carrier replacement analysis.(Company overview): An article from: Engineering Economist Review

This digital document is an article from Engineering Economist, published by Institute of Industrial Engineers, Inc. (IIE) on October 1, 2011. The length of the article is 8595 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the author: Four replacement scenarios were analyzed for a vehicle fleet designed to haul sensitive packages at two different customer locations. In addition to completing an economic replacement analysis study, each option was analyzed according to availability requirements and other intangible attributes. Finally, a thorough sensitivity analysis was performed to examine the impact of reliability assumptions on both life cycle costs and the expected economic life of each option. Once all factors were analyzed, each critical input was graded and scored, leading to the final recommendation to replace the current equipment with a new technology.

Citation Details
Title: Case study: transport carrier replacement analysis.(Company overview)
Author: Kati Brunson
Publication:Engineering Economist (Magazine/Journal)
Date: October 1, 2011
Publisher: Institute of Industrial Engineers, Inc. (IIE)
Volume: 56 Issue: 4 Page: 354(31)

Article Type: Company overview

Distributed by Gale, a part of Cengage Learning

Transport Equations for Semiconductors (Lecture Notes in Physics)

Transport Equations for Semiconductors (Lecture Notes in Physics) Review

Semiconductor devices are ubiquitous in the modern computer and telecommunications industry. A precise knowledge of the transport equations for electron flow in semiconductors when a voltage is applied is therefore of paramount importance for further technological breakthroughs. In the present work, the author tackles their derivation in a systematic and rigorous way, depending on certain key parameters such as the number of free electrons in the device, the mean free path of the carriers, the device dimensions and the ambient temperature. Accordingly a hierarchy of models is examined which is reflected in the structure of the book: first the microscopic and macroscopic semi-classical approaches followed by their quantum-mechanical counterparts.

Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems

Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems Review

Engineering students in a wide variety of engineering disciplines from mechanical and chemical to biomedical and materials engineering must master the principles of transport phenomena as an essential tool in analyzing and designing any system or systems wherein momentum, heat and mass are transferred. This textbook was developed to address that need, with a clear presentation of the fundamentals, ample problem sets to reinforce that knowledge, and tangible examples of how this knowledge is put to use in engineering design. Professional engineers, too, will find this book invaluable as reference for everything from heat exchanger design to chemical processing system design and more.

* Develops an understanding of the thermal and physical behavior of multiphase systems with phase change, including microscale and porosity, for practical applications in heat transfer, bioengineering, materials science, nuclear engineering, environmental engineering, process engineering, biotechnology and nanotechnology

* Brings all three forms of phase change, i.e., liquid <--> vapor, solid <--> liquid and solid <--> vapor, into one volume and describes them from one perspective in the context of fundamental treatment

* Presents the generalized integral and differential transport phenomena equations for multi-component multiphase systems in local instance as well as averaging formulations. The molecular approach is also discussed with the connection between microscopic and molecular approaches

* Presents basic principles of analyzing transport phenomena in multiphase systems with emphasis on melting, solidification, sublimation, vapor deposition, condensation, evaporation, boiling and two-phase flow heat transfer at the micro and macro levels

* Solid/liquid/vapor interfacial phenomena, including the concepts of surface tension, wetting phenomena, disjoining pressure, contact angle, thin films and capillary phenomena, including interfacial balances for mass, species, momentum, and energy for multi-component and multiphase interfaces are discussed

* Ample examples and end-of-chapter problems, with Solutions Manual and PowerPoint presentation available to the instructors

Sediment and Contaminant Transport in Surface Waters

Sediment and Contaminant Transport in Surface Waters Review

Contaminated bottom sediments and their negative impacts on water quality are a major problem in surface waters throughout the United States as well as in many other parts of the world. Even after elimination of the primary contaminant sources, these bottom sediments will be a main source of contaminants for many years to come. In order to determine environmentally-effective and cost-effective remedial actions, the transport and fate of these sediments and associated contaminants must be understood and quantified. This book details how to best approach contaminated sediments, allowing readers to better assess and address water quality and health issues, water body management, and potential remediation methods.

Understand and Address Major Environmental Threats to Our Water

Sediment and contaminant transport is an enormously rich and complex field that involves physical, chemical, and biological processes as well as the mathematical modeling of these processes. While many books have been written on these broad topics, Sediment and Contaminant Transport in Surface Waters takes a more focused approach, highlighting areas that have been investigated but not covered thoroughly elsewhere.

This volume emphasizes the erosion, deposition, flocculation, and transport of fine-grained, cohesive sediments; the effects of finite rates of sorption on the transport and fate of hydrophobic contaminants; and the effects of major events such as floods and storms. Despite these emphases, the overall goal of the text is to present a general description and understanding of the transport of sediments and contaminants in surface waters as well as procedures to quantitatively predict this transport.

 

In Transit: Transport Workers Union In Nyc 1933-66 (Labor In Crisis)

In Transit: Transport Workers Union In Nyc 1933-66 (Labor In Crisis) Review

This history of New York transit workers from the Great Depression to the monumental 1966 transit strike shows how, through collective action, the men and women who operated the world's largest transit system brought about a virtual revolution in their daily lives. Joshua Freeman's detailed descriptions of both transit work and transit workers, and his full account of the formation and development of the Transport Workers Union provide new insight into the nature of modern industrial unionism. Freeman pays particular attention to the role of Communists and veterans of the Irish Republican Army including TWU president Michael J. Quill in organizing and leading the union, as well as to the Catholic labor activists who were the principal union dissidents. Freeman also explores the intense political struggles over the New York transit system. He links the TWU's pioneering role in public sector unionism to worker militancy and the union's deep involvement in New York politics. His portrait of Fiorello La Guardia's determined opposition to the TWU belies La Guardia's pro-labor reputation. By combining social and political history with the study of collective bargaining, "In Transit" makes a major contribution to the history of American labor, radicalism, and urban politics. Now with a new epilogue that frames the history of the union in the context of labor's revival and recent changes in TWU's leadership, "In Transit" is an intimate portrait of the politics of mass transit and public sector unionism, and one of the most detailed reconstructions to date of the social processes of industrial unionism. This book will appeal to anyone interested in New York City's subways, politics, history, and labor. Author note: Joshua B. Freeman is Professor of History at Queens College, City University of New York. He is the co-author of "Who Built America?" and author, most recently, of "Working-Class New York: Life and Labor Since World War II".

Analytical Methods for Problems of Molecular Transport (Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications)

Analytical Methods for Problems of Molecular Transport (Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications) Review

This book is a superb tool in virtually all application areas involving the Kinetic Theory of Gases, Rarefied Gas Dynamics, Transport Theory, and Aerosol Mechanics. It has been especially designed to serve a dual function, both as a teaching instrument either in a classroom environment or at home, and as a reference for scientists and engineers working in the fields of Rarefied Gas Dynamics and Aerosol Mechanics.