The 2009 Import and Export Market for Machines for Making Paper Cartons, Boxes, Cases, Tubes, Drums, or Similar Containers in Sweden

The 2009 Import and Export Market for Machines for Making Paper Cartons, Boxes, Cases, Tubes, Drums, or Similar Containers in Sweden Review

On the demand side, exporters and strategic planners focusing on machines for making paper cartons, boxes, cases, tubes, drums, or similar containers in Sweden face a number of questions. Which countries are supplying machines for making paper cartons, boxes, cases, tubes, drums, or similar containers to Sweden? How important is Sweden compared to others in terms of the entire global and regional market? How much do the imports of machines for making paper cartons, boxes, cases, tubes, drums, or similar containers vary from one country of origin to another in Sweden? On the supply side, Sweden also exports machines for making paper cartons, boxes, cases, tubes, drums, or similar containers. Which countries receive the most exports from Sweden? How are these exports concentrated across buyers? What is the value of these exports and which countries are the largest buyers?

This report was created for strategic planners, international marketing executives and import/export managers who are concerned with the market for machines for making paper cartons, boxes, cases, tubes, drums, or similar containers in Sweden. With the globalization of this market, managers can no longer be contented with a local view. Nor can managers be contented with out-of-date statistics which appear several years after the fact. I have developed a methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for machines for making paper cartons, boxes, cases, tubes, drums, or similar containers for those countries serving Sweden via exports, or supplying from Sweden via imports. It does so for the current year based on a variety of key historical indicators and econometric models.

In what follows, Chapter 2 begins by summarizing where Sweden fits into the world market for imported and exported machines for making paper cartons, boxes, cases, tubes, drums, or similar containers. The total level of imports and exports on a worldwide basis, and those for Sweden in particular, is estimated using a model which aggregates across over 150 key country markets and projects these to the current year. From there, each country represents a percent of the world market. This market is served from a number of competitive countries of origin. Based on both demand- and supply-side dynamics, market shares by country of origin are then calculated across each country market destination. These shares lead to a volume of import and export values for each country and are aggregated to regional and world totals. In doing so, we are able to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of both the value of each market and the share that Sweden is likely to receive this year. From these figures, rankings are calculated to allow managers to prioritize Sweden compared to other major country markets. In this way, all the figures provided in this report are forecasts that can be combined with internal information sources for strategic planning purposes.

Occurrence and fate of pharmaceutically active compounds in the environment, a case study: Hoje River in Sweden [An article from: Journal of Hazardous Materials]

Occurrence and fate of pharmaceutically active compounds in the environment, a case study: Hoje River in Sweden [An article from: Journal of Hazardous Materials] Review

This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Hazardous Materials, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the environment lately have been acknowledged to constitute a health risk for humans and terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Human and veterinary applications are the main sources of PhACs in the environment and the major pathways are excretion and discharge to the environment through sewage treatment plants (STPs). In this study, the occurrence and fate of selected human PhACs belonging to different therapeutic classes (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, lipid regulators, anti-epileptics, antibiotics and @b-blockers) were investigated in a small river in the very south of Sweden. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the impact of a high and rather constant load in sewage influent on downstream concentrations and whether substances that are metabolized to a high degree in humans also show a low persistency in a natural aquatic environment. Water samples were collected from the influent and effluent of the STP, in a series of dammed reservoirs leading to discharge into the Hoje River in Sweden, and at several locations in the river downstream of the outfall. After enrichment by solid-phase extraction, the compounds were analyzed using GC-MS (methylated derivatives) or LC-MS/MS. In addition to the targeted pharmaceuticals, GC-MS analysis of the samples revealed the presence of other sewage-related pollutants (triclosan, caffeine, flame-retardants, antioxidants) and these results where included for comparison. Removal efficiencies were calculated in the STP and found to display a wide range with numerous species surviving treatment at greater than half their influent concentrations, including diclofenac, the anti-epileptic carbamazepine, a @b-blocker (propanolol), and antibiotics trimetoprim and sulfamethoxazole. Low removals were also observed for Tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate (flame retardant), BHT-aldehyde (oxidation product of BHT) and synthetic musk (HHCB). The concentrations of chloride (Cl^-) and boron (B) were used as natural inert tracers to estimate the relative extent of dilution of PhACs measured in the effluent of the STP on concentrations measured further downstream. Based on spatial trends of concentrations (recalculated to reflect a hypothetical scenario with no dilution), ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen and dicofenac were shown to be subject to significant abiotic or biotic transformations or physical sequestration in the river. The @b-blockers atenolol, metoprolol and propanolol, the antibiotics trimetoprim and sulfametoxazole, and carbamazepine demonstrated a high degree of persistence. Fluctuations in the concentration of carbamazepine and gemfibrozil were observed along the series of reservoirs and within the river and are hypothesized to be due to release of parent compound from glucuronides. Several of the investigated substances (metaprolol, propanolol and carbamazepin) that exhibit low excretion rates as parent compounds demonstrate a surprising persistence in the aquatic environment. It is concluded that pharmaceutical substances with a high metabolic rate in humans (low excretion rate) do not necessarily induce a short lifetime in aquatic environments. Results from this study emphasize the need for a broader view on the concept of persistence that accounts for loading rates, in addition to removal mechanisms (e.g., transformation, volatility and physical sequestration by solids), under a variety of spatial and temporal scales.

The 2011 Import and Export Market for Machines for Making Paper Cartons, Boxes, Cases, Tubes, Drums, or Similar Containers in Sweden

The 2011 Import and Export Market for Machines for Making Paper Cartons, Boxes, Cases, Tubes, Drums, or Similar Containers in Sweden Review

On the demand side, exporters and strategic planners focusing on machines for making paper cartons, boxes, cases, tubes, drums, or similar containers in Sweden face a number of questions. Which countries are supplying machines for making paper cartons, boxes, cases, tubes, drums, or similar containers to Sweden? How important is Sweden compared to others in terms of the entire global and regional market? How much do the imports of machines for making paper cartons, boxes, cases, tubes, drums, or similar containers vary from one country of origin to another in Sweden? On the supply side, Sweden also exports machines for making paper cartons, boxes, cases, tubes, drums, or similar containers. Which countries receive the most exports from Sweden? How are these exports concentrated across buyers? What is the value of these exports and which countries are the largest buyers?

This report was created for strategic planners, international marketing executives and import/export managers who are concerned with the market for machines for making paper cartons, boxes, cases, tubes, drums, or similar containers in Sweden. With the globalization of this market, managers can no longer be contented with a local view. Nor can managers be contented with out-of-date statistics which appear several years after the fact. I have developed a methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for machines for making paper cartons, boxes, cases, tubes, drums, or similar containers for those countries serving Sweden via exports, or supplying from Sweden via imports. It does so for the current year based on a variety of key historical indicators and econometric models.

In what follows, Chapter 2 begins by summarizing where Sweden fits into the world market for imported and exported machines for making paper cartons, boxes, cases, tubes, drums, or similar containers. The total level of imports and exports on a worldwide basis, and those for Sweden in particular, is estimated using a model which aggregates across over 150 key country markets and projects these to the current year. From there, each country represents a percent of the world market. This market is served from a number of competitive countries of origin. Based on both demand- and supply-side dynamics, market shares by country of origin are then calculated across each country market destination. These shares lead to a volume of import and export values for each country and are aggregated to regional and world totals. In doing so, we are able to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of both the value of each market and the share that Sweden is likely to receive this year. From these figures, rankings are calculated to allow managers to prioritize Sweden compared to other major country markets. In this way, all the figures provided in this report are forecasts that can be combined with internal information sources for strategic planning purposes.