Transport metabolism, social diversity and equity: The case of Sao Paulo, Brazil [An article from: Journal of Transport Geography]

Transport metabolism, social diversity and equity: The case of Sao Paulo, Brazil [An article from: Journal of Transport Geography] Review

This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Transport Geography, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
The movement of people in space implies the consumption of resources such as time, space, money and energy, as well as the production of negative externalities such as accidents, pollution and congestion. Some of these effects have been analyzed on an aggregate level by comparing regions in the world, a set of selected cities and different geographical areas in a particular city. The analysis of data on a more disaggregate level that considers the differences in the cause and continuance of negative transport externalities among social classes and groups living in a particular city in the developing world is rare. This paper uses the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Region (SPMR) 1997 origin-destination (OD) survey to investigate such phenomenon by taking advantage of the fact that data are divided according to six levels of household income. Results refer to mobility patterns in workable days. The main conclusions are that although people at the lowest income level spend a high share of their income on transport, they have a very low overall mobility and contribute almost nothing to transport externalities. At the other extreme, the two highest income groups that use cars intensively invest much more time, space and money to travel around and so contribute to transport externalities 8.4-15.2 times more than the lowest income group. Such large differences challenge current transport policies in developing countries and call both for a reassessment of assumptions and principles as well as for opposition to the propagation of myths that have sustained such inequitable policies.

Scheduling of road vehicles in sugarcane transport: A case study at an Australian sugar mill [An article from: European Journal of Operational Research]

Scheduling of road vehicles in sugarcane transport: A case study at an Australian sugar mill [An article from: European Journal of Operational Research] Review

This digital document is a journal article from European Journal of Operational Research, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Pressure to remain internationally competitive has forced Australian sugar mills to reduce capital and operational costs. Improved scheduling of road transport vehicles provides one such opportunity, as it would reduce vehicle queue and mill idle times and hence the number of vehicles needed. It is difficult for mill traffic officers to produce good transport schedules manually due to the need to service a large number of harvesters in different locations. To address this issue, research was undertaken participatively with a sugar milling company in Australia to produce and implement a mixed integer programming model that represents the road transport operations. Two meta-heuristics were applied to find a solution to the model, leading to potential cost savings of AU0,000 per year versus schedules produced manually by the mill traffic officer. The model was also applied to explore regional planning options for a more integrated harvesting and transport system.

Questioning airport expansion-A case study of Canberra International Airport [An article from: Journal of Transport Geography]

Questioning airport expansion-A case study of Canberra International Airport [An article from: Journal of Transport Geography] Review

This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Transport Geography, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
World air traffic is expected to grow substantially in the next decade and beyond. Associated with this are accelerated programs to build new airports and expand existing ones. However, aviation futures are increasingly contested globally on ecological and resource grounds, and in relation to the quality of life of affected local communities, and to growing fears associated with terrorism, wars and civil unrest. This case study addresses the issues arising from the privatisation and expansion of Canberra International Airport in Australia. Aircraft noise is a major concern for community groups, and land use planning also emerged as a key issue in a highly publicised conflict between a land developer and Canberra airport management. An important outcome is the recognition of the need for independent policy institutes-working in conjunction with community groups-to challenge the prevailing hegemony of the business-political nexus.

Occurrence and fate of pharmaceutically active compounds in the environment, a case study: Hoje River in Sweden [An article from: Journal of Hazardous Materials]

Occurrence and fate of pharmaceutically active compounds in the environment, a case study: Hoje River in Sweden [An article from: Journal of Hazardous Materials] Review

This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Hazardous Materials, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in the environment lately have been acknowledged to constitute a health risk for humans and terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Human and veterinary applications are the main sources of PhACs in the environment and the major pathways are excretion and discharge to the environment through sewage treatment plants (STPs). In this study, the occurrence and fate of selected human PhACs belonging to different therapeutic classes (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, lipid regulators, anti-epileptics, antibiotics and @b-blockers) were investigated in a small river in the very south of Sweden. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the impact of a high and rather constant load in sewage influent on downstream concentrations and whether substances that are metabolized to a high degree in humans also show a low persistency in a natural aquatic environment. Water samples were collected from the influent and effluent of the STP, in a series of dammed reservoirs leading to discharge into the Hoje River in Sweden, and at several locations in the river downstream of the outfall. After enrichment by solid-phase extraction, the compounds were analyzed using GC-MS (methylated derivatives) or LC-MS/MS. In addition to the targeted pharmaceuticals, GC-MS analysis of the samples revealed the presence of other sewage-related pollutants (triclosan, caffeine, flame-retardants, antioxidants) and these results where included for comparison. Removal efficiencies were calculated in the STP and found to display a wide range with numerous species surviving treatment at greater than half their influent concentrations, including diclofenac, the anti-epileptic carbamazepine, a @b-blocker (propanolol), and antibiotics trimetoprim and sulfamethoxazole. Low removals were also observed for Tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate (flame retardant), BHT-aldehyde (oxidation product of BHT) and synthetic musk (HHCB). The concentrations of chloride (Cl^-) and boron (B) were used as natural inert tracers to estimate the relative extent of dilution of PhACs measured in the effluent of the STP on concentrations measured further downstream. Based on spatial trends of concentrations (recalculated to reflect a hypothetical scenario with no dilution), ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen and dicofenac were shown to be subject to significant abiotic or biotic transformations or physical sequestration in the river. The @b-blockers atenolol, metoprolol and propanolol, the antibiotics trimetoprim and sulfametoxazole, and carbamazepine demonstrated a high degree of persistence. Fluctuations in the concentration of carbamazepine and gemfibrozil were observed along the series of reservoirs and within the river and are hypothesized to be due to release of parent compound from glucuronides. Several of the investigated substances (metaprolol, propanolol and carbamazepin) that exhibit low excretion rates as parent compounds demonstrate a surprising persistence in the aquatic environment. It is concluded that pharmaceutical substances with a high metabolic rate in humans (low excretion rate) do not necessarily induce a short lifetime in aquatic environments. Results from this study emphasize the need for a broader view on the concept of persistence that accounts for loading rates, in addition to removal mechanisms (e.g., transformation, volatility and physical sequestration by solids), under a variety of spatial and temporal scales.

Small community airport choice behavior analysis: A case study of GTR [An article from: Journal of Air Transport Management]

Small community airport choice behavior analysis: A case study of GTR [An article from: Journal of Air Transport Management] Review

This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Air Transport Management, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
The issue of airport selection attracts considerable attention. However, most studies focus on using advanced discrete choice models to analyze airport choice behavior in metropolitan areas with several closely located, competing airports. This paper addresses passengers' choice behavior in selecting between local small community airports and more distant major commercial airport. It looks at factors affecting air travelers' airport choice behavior in cities with small community air service. Data relating to the Golden Triangle Regional Airport in Mississippi is used in logistic regressions to identify the key factors that influence air travelers' airport choices. Ticket price, experience with Golden Triangle Regional Airport and flight schedule were found to be the strongest effects.

Horizontal cooperation in transport and logistics: a literature review.: An article from: Transportation Journal

Horizontal cooperation in transport and logistics: a literature review.: An article from: Transportation Journal Review

This digital document is an article from Transportation Journal, published by Thomson Gale on June 22, 2007. The length of the article is 10856 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Horizontal cooperation in transport and logistics: a literature review.
Author: Frans Cruijssen
Publication:Transportation Journal (Newsletter)
Date: June 22, 2007
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 46 Issue: 3 Page: 22(18)

Distributed by Thomson Gale

Journeys to heritage attractions in the UK: a case study of National Trust property visitors in the south west [An article from: Journal of Transport Geography]

Journeys to heritage attractions in the UK: a case study of National Trust property visitors in the south west [An article from: Journal of Transport Geography] Review

This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Transport Geography, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
Journeys made for leisure are not a key target for UK government transport policy yet leisure travel accounts for a large proportion of car mileage in the UK and increasingly adds to congestion, pollution, accident and parking problems. Journeys to National Trust properties in the south west of the UK in 2001 provide a case study of travel to heritage attractions. Sustainable transport opportunities are explored through analysis of travel distance, travel mode and experience of congestion. Travel distance varies according to leisure setting, location and visitor and visit characteristics pointing to some important opportunities and constraints for transport policy.

The effect of airline service quality on passengers' behavioural intentions: a Korean case study [An article from: Journal of Air Transport Management]

The effect of airline service quality on passengers' behavioural intentions: a Korean case study [An article from: Journal of Air Transport Management] Review

This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Air Transport Management, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
This paper seeks to improving our understanding of air passengers' decision-making processes by testing a conceptual model that considers service expectation, service perception, service value, passenger satisfaction, airline image, and behavioural intentions simultaneously. For this testing, path analysis via maximum likelihood estimator is applied to data collected from Korean international air passengers. Service value, passenger satisfaction, and airline image are each found to have a direct effect on air passengers' decision-making processes.

Commercialising a national airline-the Aer Lingus case study [An article from: Journal of Air Transport Management]

Commercialising a national airline-the Aer Lingus case study [An article from: Journal of Air Transport Management] Review

This digital document is a journal article from Journal of Air Transport Management, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
National airlines dominated international aviation in Europe for almost 70 years. They also dominated policy and achieved identification of the national airline interest with the national interest in the era of protectionism. The success of Aer Lingus in achieving regulatory capture of policy making in Irish aviation from 1936 to 1986 is examined. In the present era of competition and privatisation this article examines the commercialisation of Aer Lingus, its relative decline in competition with Ryanair after deregulation in 1986, its reinvention as a low-cost carrier in 2001 and its likely privatisation at a time when most countries are discarding the national airline model.

Sugar cane transportation in Cuba, a case study [An article from: European Journal of Operational Research]

Sugar cane transportation in Cuba, a case study [An article from: European Journal of Operational Research] Review

This digital document is a journal article from European Journal of Operational Research, published by Elsevier in 2006. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Description:
In this study the authors present a mixed integer linear programming model to solve the problem of cost minimization of sugar cane removal and its transport from the fields to the sugar mill at operational level. The complexity of the problem is basically determined by the system approach which results in the generation of a great number of variables and constraints that refer to the following operational dimensions: (a) need for continuous supply to the sugar mill; (b) cutting means used in cane harvesting; (c) transportation vehicles and (d) providing routes, which are characterized by the existence of storage facilities at the beginning of the railroads. The results demonstrate the model is not only useful to minimize transportation cost, but also for scheduling daily cane road transport and harvesting quotas of cutting means.