Ionic Transport Processes: In Electrochemistry and Membrane Science

Ionic Transport Processes: In Electrochemistry and Membrane Science Review

Modelling of heterogeneous processes, such as electrochemical reactions, extraction or ion-exchange, usually requires solving the transport problem associated to the process. Since the processes at the phase boundary are described by scalar quantities and transport quantities are vectors or tensors, coupling of them can take place only via conservation of mass, charge or momentum. In this book, transport of ionic species is addressed in a versatile manner, emphasizing the mutual coupling of fluxes in particular. Treatment is based on the formalism of irreversible thermodynamics, i.e. on linear (ionic) phenomenological equations, from which the most frequently used Nernst-Planck equation is derived. Limitations and assumptions made are thoroughly discussed.

The Nernst-Planck equation is applied to selected problems at the electrodes and in membranes. Mathematical derivations are presented in detail so that the reader can learn the methodology of solving transport problems. Each chapter contains a large number of exercises, some of them more demanding than others.

Cost-Benefit Analysis: Cases and Materials

Cost-Benefit Analysis: Cases and Materials Review

Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is the systematic and analytical process of comparing benefits and costs in evaluating the desirability of a project or programme, often of a social nature and for society as a whole. CBA is fundamental to government decision-making and can be an effective tool for informed decisions on the use of society's scarce resources. This book highlights the main concepts and principles of cost-benefit analysis used in real life cases and actual applications. The book contains rich cases, materials and examples of real life CBA applications with emphasis both on physical and non-physical projects and infrastructure developments in Asia and beyond. The book also discusses techniques frequently used in applied CBA.

The first part of the book introduces the key concepts and principles of CBA before Part Two covers some pertinent issues relating to CBA, such as the recent trend of using behavioural economics and frequently used techniques in applied CBA. Finally, in Part Three, case studies are written up to illustrate how CBA is done, and questions for the readers and students to ponder are raised at the end of each chapter.

The scope of the case studies is more than just physical infrastructures but will include public sector policies and programmes covering a host of social policies as in health, education, social welfare programmes, and the environment. For each case, there will be illustrations of the key concepts and principles of CBA used. Undertakings analyzed include:

• the Three Gorges Dam in China
• the 2008 Beijing Olympics
• the Costs of Global Warming
• the Jamuna Bridge in Bangladesh

The case studies, many of which have taken or are to take place in developing countries provide a rich background to the principles of the method, and are accompanied by a wealth of explanatory material. As well as being suitable for courses in Cost-Benefit Analysis, Public Finance, Environmental and Health Economics, the book should be of interest to all public policy decision makers and planners.

Fundamentals of Carrier Transport

Fundamentals of Carrier Transport Review

Fundamentals of Carrier Transport explores the behavior of charged carriers in semiconductors and semiconductor devices for readers without an extensive background in quantum mechanics and solid-state physics. This second edition contains many new and updated sections, including a completely new chapter on transport in ultrasmall devices and coverage of "full band" transport. Lundstrom also covers both low- and high-field transport, scattering, transport in devices, and transport in mesoscopic systems. He explains in detail the use of Monte Carlo simulation methods and provides many homework exercises along with a variety of worked examples. What makes this book unique is its broad theoretical treatment of transport for advanced students and researchers engaged in experimental semiconductor device research and development.

The 2009 World Market Forecasts for Imported Machines for Making Paper Cartons, Boxes, Cases, Tubes, Drums, or Similar Containers

The 2009 World Market Forecasts for Imported Machines for Making Paper Cartons, Boxes, Cases, Tubes, Drums, or Similar Containers Review

This report was created for strategic planners, international marketing executives and export managers whose primary concern is the world market for machines for making paper cartons, boxes, cases, tubes, drums, or similar containers. With the globalization of this market, managers can no longer be contented with a local view. Nor can managers be contented with out-of-date statistics that appear several years after the fact. I have developed a methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for machines for making paper cartons, boxes, cases, tubes, drums, or similar containers for those firms serving the world via exports and foreign direct investment. It does so for the current year based on a variety of key historical indicators and econometric models.

In what follows, this report begins by summarizing the world exporter's market for machines for making paper cartons, boxes, cases, tubes, drums, or similar containers. The total level of exports on a worldwide basis is based on a model that aggregates across over 150 key country markets and projects these to the current year. From there, each country represents a percent of the world market. This market is served from a number of competitive countries of origin. Based on supply-side dynamics, market shares by country of origin are then calculated across each country market. These shares lead to a volume of import values for each country and are aggregated to regional and world totals. In doing so, we are able to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of both the value of each market and the shares that competitors (countries serving that market) are likely to receive this year. From these figures, world rankings are calculated to allow managers to prioritize markets. In this way, all the figures provided in this report are forecasts that can be combined with internal information for strategic planning purposes.

Case study: transport carrier replacement analysis.(Company overview): An article from: Engineering Economist

Case study: transport carrier replacement analysis.(Company overview): An article from: Engineering Economist Review

This digital document is an article from Engineering Economist, published by Institute of Industrial Engineers, Inc. (IIE) on October 1, 2011. The length of the article is 8595 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the author: Four replacement scenarios were analyzed for a vehicle fleet designed to haul sensitive packages at two different customer locations. In addition to completing an economic replacement analysis study, each option was analyzed according to availability requirements and other intangible attributes. Finally, a thorough sensitivity analysis was performed to examine the impact of reliability assumptions on both life cycle costs and the expected economic life of each option. Once all factors were analyzed, each critical input was graded and scored, leading to the final recommendation to replace the current equipment with a new technology.

Citation Details
Title: Case study: transport carrier replacement analysis.(Company overview)
Author: Kati Brunson
Publication:Engineering Economist (Magazine/Journal)
Date: October 1, 2011
Publisher: Institute of Industrial Engineers, Inc. (IIE)
Volume: 56 Issue: 4 Page: 354(31)

Article Type: Company overview

Distributed by Gale, a part of Cengage Learning

Transport Equations for Semiconductors (Lecture Notes in Physics)

Transport Equations for Semiconductors (Lecture Notes in Physics) Review

Semiconductor devices are ubiquitous in the modern computer and telecommunications industry. A precise knowledge of the transport equations for electron flow in semiconductors when a voltage is applied is therefore of paramount importance for further technological breakthroughs. In the present work, the author tackles their derivation in a systematic and rigorous way, depending on certain key parameters such as the number of free electrons in the device, the mean free path of the carriers, the device dimensions and the ambient temperature. Accordingly a hierarchy of models is examined which is reflected in the structure of the book: first the microscopic and macroscopic semi-classical approaches followed by their quantum-mechanical counterparts.

Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems

Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems Review

Engineering students in a wide variety of engineering disciplines from mechanical and chemical to biomedical and materials engineering must master the principles of transport phenomena as an essential tool in analyzing and designing any system or systems wherein momentum, heat and mass are transferred. This textbook was developed to address that need, with a clear presentation of the fundamentals, ample problem sets to reinforce that knowledge, and tangible examples of how this knowledge is put to use in engineering design. Professional engineers, too, will find this book invaluable as reference for everything from heat exchanger design to chemical processing system design and more.

* Develops an understanding of the thermal and physical behavior of multiphase systems with phase change, including microscale and porosity, for practical applications in heat transfer, bioengineering, materials science, nuclear engineering, environmental engineering, process engineering, biotechnology and nanotechnology

* Brings all three forms of phase change, i.e., liquid <--> vapor, solid <--> liquid and solid <--> vapor, into one volume and describes them from one perspective in the context of fundamental treatment

* Presents the generalized integral and differential transport phenomena equations for multi-component multiphase systems in local instance as well as averaging formulations. The molecular approach is also discussed with the connection between microscopic and molecular approaches

* Presents basic principles of analyzing transport phenomena in multiphase systems with emphasis on melting, solidification, sublimation, vapor deposition, condensation, evaporation, boiling and two-phase flow heat transfer at the micro and macro levels

* Solid/liquid/vapor interfacial phenomena, including the concepts of surface tension, wetting phenomena, disjoining pressure, contact angle, thin films and capillary phenomena, including interfacial balances for mass, species, momentum, and energy for multi-component and multiphase interfaces are discussed

* Ample examples and end-of-chapter problems, with Solutions Manual and PowerPoint presentation available to the instructors

The Canadian Railway Act R. S. C. (1906), cap. 37 : and amending acts 1907-1910, with notes of cases decided thereon including the decisions of the Board of Railway Commissioners respecting telephone, telegraph and express companies (1911)

The Canadian Railway Act R. S. C. (1906), cap. 37 : and amending acts 1907-1910, with notes of cases decided thereon including the decisions of the Board of Railway Commissioners respecting telephone, telegraph and express companies (1911) Review

This book, "The Canadian Railway Act R. S. C. (1906), cap. 37 : and amending acts 1907-1910, with notes of cases decided thereon including the decisions of the Board of Railway Commissioners respecting telephone, telegraph and express companies (1911)", by Macmurchy, Angus, Denison, J. Shirley (John Shirley), Canada. Railway Act (1906), Board of Transport Commissioners for Canada, is a replication of a book originally published before 1911. It has been restored by human beings, page by page, so that you may enjoy it in a form as close to the original as possible. This book was created using print-on-demand technology. Thank you for supporting classic literature.

The Canadian Railway Act R. S. C. (1906), cap. 37 : and amending acts 1907-1910, with notes of cases decided thereon including the decisions of the Board of Railway Commissioners respecting telephone, telegraph and express companies (1911)

The Canadian Railway Act R. S. C. (1906), cap. 37 : and amending acts 1907-1910, with notes of cases decided thereon including the decisions of the Board of Railway Commissioners respecting telephone, telegraph and express companies (1911) Review

This book, "The Canadian Railway Act R. S. C. (1906), cap. 37 : and amending acts 1907-1910, with notes of cases decided thereon including the decisions of the Board of Railway Commissioners respecting telephone, telegraph and express companies (1911)", by Macmurchy, Angus, Denison, J. Shirley (John Shirley), Canada. Railway Act (1906), Board of Transport Commissioners for Canada, is a replication of a book originally published before 1911. It has been restored by human beings, page by page, so that you may enjoy it in a form as close to the original as possible. This book was created using print-on-demand technology. Thank you for supporting classic literature.

The Canadian Railway Act R. S. C. (1906), cap. 37 : and amending acts 1907-1910, with notes of cases decided thereon including the decisions of the Board of Railway Commissioners respecting telephone, telegraph and express companies (1911)

The Canadian Railway Act R. S. C. (1906), cap. 37 : and amending acts 1907-1910, with notes of cases decided thereon including the decisions of the Board of Railway Commissioners respecting telephone, telegraph and express companies (1911) Review

This book, "The Canadian Railway Act R. S. C. (1906), cap. 37 : and amending acts 1907-1910, with notes of cases decided thereon including the decisions of the Board of Railway Commissioners respecting telephone, telegraph and express companies (1911)", by Macmurchy, Angus, Denison, J. Shirley (John Shirley), Canada. Railway Act (1906), Board of Transport Commissioners for Canada, is a replication of a book originally published before 1911. It has been restored by human beings, page by page, so that you may enjoy it in a form as close to the original as possible. This book was created using print-on-demand technology. Thank you for supporting classic literature.

ASTNA Patient Transport: Principles and Practice, 4e (Air & Surface Patient Transport: Principles and Practice)

ASTNA Patient Transport: Principles and Practice, 4e (Air & Surface Patient Transport: Principles and Practice) Review

Whether you're caring for patients on the ground or in the air, this trusted, one-of-a-kind resource is an essential tool for your success in transport nursing. The 4th edition has been extensively revised to keep you up to date with the latest technological advances and help you meet the ever-changing needs of this critical nursing field. Comprehensive overviews familiarize you with the most common diseases and injuries encountered in practice, accompanied by important management considerations to help you ensure the most effective communication and the safest patient care in all transport settings.

• Case studies presented at the end of each clinical chapter demonstrate how to apply concepts to scenarios similar to those you'll encounter in practice.
• Special Populations Unit helps you meet the unique care needs of pregnant, neonatal, pediatric, and military patients.
• Competencies listed at the beginning of each chapter help you identify key components of effective patient care.
• Collaborative, multidisciplinary focus meets the educational and reference needs of all transport health care providers and emphasizes the importance of teamwork in ensuring successful patient outcomes.

• 3 new chapters highlight emerging trends in transport care: The Use of Technology During Transport, including ventricular assist devices, a chapter devoted to Mechanical Ventilation, and Military Transport with EnRoute care.
• Updated content throughout provides a balance of ground and air coverage and reflects the recently published Flight and Ground Transport Nursing Core Curriculum to help you prepare for the CTRN or CFRN examination. Expanded disaster management coverage addresses front-line response to major disasters.
• Expanded disaster management coverage addresses important concerns for improving front-line response to major disasters.
• Additional pathophysiology content helps you better understand the effects of diseases and injuries on the body's normal physiologic processes.
• Clear instructions for reading radiographs and CT scans simplify the use of these diagnostic tools and help you improve related outcomes.
• Information based on the latest updates from the Federal Aviation Association and the National Transportation Safety Board alerts you to important safety regulations.
• Obesity considerations included in the Patient Assessment and Preparation for Transport chapter outline special challenges and possible solutions for the care of obese patients.

Marine Management in Disputed Areas: The Case of the Barents Sea (Routledge Advances in Maritime Research)

Marine Management in Disputed Areas: The Case of the Barents Sea (Routledge Advances in Maritime Research) Review

This book examines the complicated management of the Barents Sea, offering a detailed analysis of two highly sensitive legal disputes - the maritime boundary dispute between Norway and the USSR, and the dispute over the Treaty of Spitsbergen.

System Innovation for Sustainability: Pt. 2: Case Studies in Sustainable Consumption and Production - Mobility

System Innovation for Sustainability: Pt. 2: Case Studies in Sustainable Consumption and Production - Mobility Review

The EU-funded project 'Sustainable Consumption Research Exchanges' (SCORE!) consists of around 200 experts in the field of sustainable innovation and sustainable consumption. The SCORE! philosophy is that innovation in SCP policy can be achieved only if experts that understand business development, (sustainable) solution design, consumer behaviour and system innovation policy work together in shaping it. Sustainable technology design can be effective only if business can profitably make the products and consumers are attracted to them. To understand how this might effectively happen, the expertise of systems thinkers must be added to the mix.

The publication in 2008 of "System Innovation for Sustainability 1" was the first result of a unique positive confrontation between experts from all four communities. It examined what SCP is and what it could be, provided a state-of-the-art review on the governance of change in SCP policy and looked at the strengths and weaknesses of current approaches.

"System Innovation for Sustainability 2" is the first of three books of case studies covering respectively the three key consumption areas of mobility, food and agriculture, and energy use and housing - responsible for 70 per cent of the life-cycle environmental impacts of Western societies - with the aim of stimulating, fostering or forcing change to SCP theory in practice.

This book focuses on change towards sustainable personal mobility based on implemented cases analysed from a system perspective. It examines how changes can be realised so that consumers and end-users on average will start to reduce their need for mobility, or start to make use of more sustainable mobility systems. This is clearly a critical and highly problematic area. Increasing living standards of a growing global population have resulted in rapid rises in both car and air travel along with the associated pollution. Uniquely, this book approaches the problems and solutions from a systems perspective, explaining the meta-trends, specific issues for the mobility sector, socio-economic trends, political considerations, socio-cultural developments and environmental issues. Apart from the mobility system itself, other societal systems, such as labour and taxation that impact the need for mobility are addressed in order to provide sustainable solutions to induced lock-in situations.

Three major problem areas are considered: the three C's of carbon emissions (and the growing contribution of mobility to the crisis of global warming), congestion and casualties. The strategies proposed address one or more of these problem areas. Among the cases discussed are: Norway's carbon compensation scheme for air travel; Madrid's high-occupancy vehicle lanes; London's congestion charge scheme; market-based instruments such as eco-labelling on car purchasing; and, taxation.

The book identifies opportunities for actors - governments, manufacturers and consumers - to intervene in the complex system to promote sustainable mobility and concludes with a reflection on problems, trends and requirements for action.

The "System Innovation for Sustainability" series is the fruit of the first major international research network on SCP and will set the standard in this field for some years to come. It will be required reading for all involved in the policy debate on sustainable production and consumption from government, business, academia and NGOs for designers, scientists, businesses and system innovators.

Sediment and Contaminant Transport in Surface Waters

Sediment and Contaminant Transport in Surface Waters Review

Contaminated bottom sediments and their negative impacts on water quality are a major problem in surface waters throughout the United States as well as in many other parts of the world. Even after elimination of the primary contaminant sources, these bottom sediments will be a main source of contaminants for many years to come. In order to determine environmentally-effective and cost-effective remedial actions, the transport and fate of these sediments and associated contaminants must be understood and quantified. This book details how to best approach contaminated sediments, allowing readers to better assess and address water quality and health issues, water body management, and potential remediation methods.

Understand and Address Major Environmental Threats to Our Water

Sediment and contaminant transport is an enormously rich and complex field that involves physical, chemical, and biological processes as well as the mathematical modeling of these processes. While many books have been written on these broad topics, Sediment and Contaminant Transport in Surface Waters takes a more focused approach, highlighting areas that have been investigated but not covered thoroughly elsewhere.

This volume emphasizes the erosion, deposition, flocculation, and transport of fine-grained, cohesive sediments; the effects of finite rates of sorption on the transport and fate of hydrophobic contaminants; and the effects of major events such as floods and storms. Despite these emphases, the overall goal of the text is to present a general description and understanding of the transport of sediments and contaminants in surface waters as well as procedures to quantitatively predict this transport.