National Transport Models: Recent Developments and Prospects (Advances in Spatial Science)

National Transport Models: Recent Developments and Prospects (Advances in Spatial Science) Review

National and European transport models become increasingly important. The broadening of national transport policy from strategic infrastructure investments to infrastructure management strengthens the need for advanced and more policy sensitive tools of analysis. The increase of interregional and international mobility requires forecasting tools that go beyond the urban or regional level. The competition for national infrastructure investments among regions and for Trans-European investments among nations has to be resolved by decisions and decision support systems at the appropriate spatial level. Environmental impacts transcend regional and national boundaries and transport policies affecting these environmental impacts involve all spatial levels. This volume presents the state of the art and prospects of a sample of the most advanced national and European transport models within a comparative framework.

Africa's Transport Infrastructure: Mainstreaming Maintenance and Management (Directions in Development)

Africa's Transport Infrastructure: Mainstreaming Maintenance and Management (Directions in Development) Review

Africa's Transport Infrastructure: Mainstreaming Maintenance and Management (Directions in Development) Feature

• ISBN13: 9780821384565
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Transport infrastructure is a key requirement for economic growth. But in Saharan Africa today, road networks are sparse, conditions are poor, and accident rates are high. Railroads are in decline. Airport runways are poorly maintained, and air traffic control and safety records are poor. Port performance falls well below international standards, and costs are high. Urban transit is generally chaotic and inadequate. The multidonor Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic (AICD) is a new database on the nature, extent, and condition of transport infrastructure in the region. Africa s Transport Infrastructure: Mainstreaming Maintenance and Management presents, analyzes, and critically discusses the content of AICD, in the context of the institutional and policy environments, to identify the major causes of poor infrastructure performance. The analysis reveals that networks are generally less dense, both per square kilometer and per capita, than in other regions. However, because incomes are low, the financial burden is greater than elsewhere. As a consequence, maintenance has been neglected and the condition of the infrastructure has deteriorated, increasing the costs of operations. This situation is accentuated by failures in the management and regulation of operators. The book presents financing trends and compares them with estimated expenditure needs. It shows that backlogs in routine and periodic maintenance have built up needs for rehabilitation that cannot be satisfied from domestic sources alone. It shows, both functionally and geographically, where major shortfalls are likely to occur and where priorities are highest, stressing the need to mobilize a wide range of sources for investment finance. The book concludes, however, that investment is only part of what is needed to improve the transport system. Unless that investment is accompanied by increased attention to maintenance finance and by substantial improvements in system management, the cost of transport in the region will continue to be a serious impediment to economic growth. This book will be of interest to governments in the region and to multilateral and bilateral aid and lending agencies, as well as to graduate students, faculty, and researchers in African studies and transport studies.

Environmental Transport Processes

Environmental Transport Processes Review

A unique approach to the challenges of complex environmental systems

Environmental Transport Processes, Second Edition provides much-needed guidance on mass transfer principles in environmental engineering. It focuses on working with uncontrolled conditions involving biological and physical systems, offering examples from diverse fields, including mass transport, kinetics, wastewater treatment, and unit processes.

This new edition is fully revised and updated, incorporating modern approaches and practice problems at the end of chapters, making the Second Edition more concise, accessible, and easy to use.

The book discusses the fundamentals of transport processes occurring in natural environments, with special emphasis on working at the biological–physical interface. It considers transport and kinetics in terms of systems that involve microorganisms, along with in-depth coverage of particles, size spectra, and calculations for particles that can be considered either spheres or fractals. The book's treatment of particles as fractals is especially unique and the Second Edition includes a new section on exoelectrogenic biofilms. It also addresses dispersion in natural and engineered systems unlike any other book on the subject.

Readers will learn to tackle with confidence complex environmental systems and make transport calculations in heterogeneous environments with mixtures of chemicals.

Paediatric and Neonatal Critical Care Transport

Paediatric and Neonatal Critical Care Transport Review

Sick babies and children are moved between hospitals for many reasons, often to receive specialist care and treatment not available locally. For the transfer to be safe and effective it is necessary to plan carefully for these occasions, and for the doctors and nurses attending the transport to be able to provide intensive care on the move.

The book provides guidance in both of these major areas. The first section - 'Planning for Safe and Effective Transport' - details issues to be considered by senior staff in setting-up or modernising a transport programme. General principles and relevant physiology are outlined, and vehicles and equipment are discussed in depth. The second section - 'Practical Transport Management' - is concerned with different patient groups and key clinical issues. These include the distinctive features of neonatal and paediatric patients, and management of airway, breathing and circulation. Other chapters discuss airborne transport, pharmacology, trauma, and special interventions for transport such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and inhaled nitric oxide.

Competition in the Railway Industry: An International Comparative Analysis (Transport Economics, Management, and Policy)

Competition in the Railway Industry: An International Comparative Analysis (Transport Economics, Management, and Policy) Review

Numerous countries have attempted to improve the performance of their railways by introducing more competition, but there is fierce debate and no consensus on how this is best achieved. This book reveals how railways were an obvious target for reform because they were often losing traffic and money, and because the government was typically deeply involved as either owner or regulator. This book summarizes and assesses the evidence from the experiences of rail reform in Europe, Latin America, and the United States. In short, the book reveals that no one approach has proven to be best across a wide variety of circumstances. It highlights how unbundling (separating infrastructure from train operations so that independent train operators could compete over common tracks) although attractive in theory, has so far proved complex to implement and delivered only some of the promised benefits. Privatization and deregulation have had more demonstrated success in the freight systems of North and South America, but are still largely untested in the more complex railway networks of Europe. The evidence is arguably slightly stronger for privatization and deregulation than for unbundling, but the jury is still out. "Competition in the Railway Industry" is invaluable in that it compares the strategies and experiences of different countries in introducing competition in railways, rather than simply focusing on one country and its approach. As such, it will appeal greatly to those in industry and government interested in railway policy and performance, and privatization and deregulation of utilities more generally. It will also appeal to academics and researchers of public sector, transport and industrial organization.

The International Law of the Sea: Introductory Notes and Documents, Cases, Tables

The International Law of the Sea: Introductory Notes and Documents, Cases, Tables Review

This work in two volumes offers an exposition of the laws of the sea in volume I, complemented by a collection of selected documents in volume II. Full cross-referencing is included between the two volumes. A wide range of treaties and other forms of state practice are described.

Freight Forwarder's Intermediary Role in Multimodal Transport Chains: A Social Network Approach (Contributions to Management Science)

Freight Forwarder's Intermediary Role in Multimodal Transport Chains: A Social Network Approach (Contributions to Management Science) Review

In this book, the business of international freight forwarding is examined from both a theoretical and empirical point of view with a special emphasis on multimodal transport chains, including sea or air transport operations. In such contexts, the freight forwarder is always considered "The Architect of Transport", but this intermediary role seems to be largely neglected in research to date. Therefore, relevant concepts from economic theory and economic sociology are employed to produce both an intermediary and a network perspective of freight forwarding in order to provide a better understanding of this kind of transportation business. Furthermore, its intermediary role in such inherent network structures is explored by mapping relationship patterns in a stylized model framework applied to a questionnaire-based sample collected among freight forwarders engaged in such multimodal transport chains in Germany (especially from Hamburg, Bremen and Bremerhaven) as well as in Austria in 2003.